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SSL Automation with Let's Encrypt and Cloudflare

Setting up free, automated SSL certificates for multiple domains using a Raspberry Pi, Certbot, and Cloudflare DNS.

ssl letsencrypt cloudflare raspberry-pi certbot
SSL Automation with Let's Encrypt and Cloudflare

My shared hosting provider (SmarterASP) supports SSL certificates, but the free ones they offer through Let's Encrypt require manual renewal every 90 days. Commercial certificates from providers like Comodo cost money and still expire annually. I wanted free, automated SSL for all my domains without manual intervention.

The solution: a Raspberry Pi running Certbot with Cloudflare DNS for automatic renewal.

The Challenge with Shared Hosting

On a dedicated server or VPS, you'd simply install Certbot and let it auto-renew certificates. But shared hosting presents problems:

  • No root access to install Certbot
  • Port 80/443 controlled by the hosting provider
  • HTTP-01 challenges require control over web server config

The workaround is using DNS-01 challenges, which prove domain ownership by creating a DNS TXT record rather than serving a file over HTTP.

Why Cloudflare?

DNS-01 challenges require programmatic access to your DNS provider. You need an API to create and delete TXT records automatically. Cloudflare offers:

  • Free DNS hosting
  • A robust API for DNS management
  • Fast DNS propagation
  • The Cloudflare plugin for Certbot

I migrated my domain's DNS from my registrar (SmarterASP) to Cloudflare's nameservers while keeping the registrar for domain registration only.

The Setup

Hardware

A Raspberry Pi that's always on. In my case, it already runs Klipper for 3D printing, so it was just a matter of adding Certbot to it.

Software Installation

sudo apt update
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-dns-cloudflare

Cloudflare API Token

In the Cloudflare dashboard, create an API token with these permissions:

  • Zone:DNS:Edit for your specific zones
  • Zone:Zone:Read for your specific zones

Store the token in a secure file:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/letsencrypt
sudo nano /etc/letsencrypt/cloudflare.ini

Contents:

dns_cloudflare_api_token = your-api-token-here

Secure it:

sudo chmod 600 /etc/letsencrypt/cloudflare.ini

Generating Certificates

For each domain:

sudo certbot certonly \
  --dns-cloudflare \
  --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/letsencrypt/cloudflare.ini \
  --dns-cloudflare-propagation-seconds 60 \
  -d example.com \
  -d www.example.com

The --dns-cloudflare-propagation-seconds 60 gives DNS time to propagate before Let's Encrypt verifies the TXT record.

Exporting for Windows/IIS

SmarterASP runs Windows/IIS, which needs PFX format certificates. I created a post-renewal hook to automatically export certificates:

sudo nano /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/export-pfx.sh

#!/bin/bash
PFX_DIR="/home/user/certs"
PFX_PASSWORD="your-secure-password"
mkdir -p "$PFX_DIR"

for DOMAIN in example.com anotherdomain.org; do
    CERT_PATH="/etc/letsencrypt/live/$DOMAIN"
    if [ -d "$CERT_PATH" ]; then
        openssl pkcs12 -export \
            -out "$PFX_DIR/$DOMAIN.pfx" \
            -inkey "$CERT_PATH/privkey.pem" \
            -in "$CERT_PATH/fullchain.pem" \
            -name "$DOMAIN" \
            -passout pass:"$PFX_PASSWORD"
        chmod 644 "$PFX_DIR/$DOMAIN.pfx"
    fi
done

Make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/export-pfx.sh

Automatic Renewal

Certbot installs a systemd timer that runs twice daily. Check it with:

sudo systemctl status certbot.timer

Test renewal with:

sudo certbot renew --dry-run

Push Notifications with Ntfy

I added a notification to the export script so I know when certificates renew:

curl -s \
  -H "Title: SSL Certs Renewed" \
  -H "Priority: default" \
  -H "Tags: lock,white_check_mark" \
  -d "SSL certificates renewed! Import .pfx files to hosting." \
  ntfy.sh/your-private-topic

Subscribe to the topic in the Ntfy app to get mobile notifications.

The Manual Part

The only manual step remaining: every 90 days when I get the notification, I:

  1. SSH to the Pi or access the certs folder
  2. Download the new .pfx files
  3. Upload to SmarterASP's SSL management page
  4. Update the binding

This takes about 2 minutes and happens roughly 4 times per year.

What I Learned

  • DNS-01 challenges bypass the need for HTTP server control
  • Cloudflare's free tier includes API access for DNS automation
  • Certbot's renewal hooks can run custom scripts after renewal
  • PFX format packages certificate + private key for Windows/IIS
  • A Raspberry Pi makes an excellent always-on automation server

The total cost: $0 for SSL certificates that auto-renew indefinitely, plus a few minutes quarterly to upload to hosting.

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